Countering Terrorism and Insurgency in the 21st Century

Countering Terrorism and Insurgency in the 21st Century:
International Perspectives

James J.F. Forest, Editor
Published by PRAEGER SECURITY INTERNATIONAL

Advisory Board: Bruce Hoffman, Rohan Gunaratna, James Robbins

Reviews:

This multivolume set contributes to the corpus of knowledge that informs how we counter terrorism and insurgency in the twenty-first century. The majority of the essays are well-researched, well-written, and germane. One can find more than a few insights on what this war is about, the enemy’s ideology and networks, and what needs to be done to effectively prosecute this long, irregular, and Manichean struggle.
— Robert Cassidy, Parameters (Autumn 2008, p. 129-133)

* This three-volume collection edited by Forest gathers together dozens of experts, military and academic, on the topic of global terrorism. Forest has written a preface and introduction to each volume. In effect, contributors' essays answer such questions from Forest as "What do we know about effectively countering terrorism?", "What are the characteristics of successful or unsuccessful counterterrorism campaigns?", and "What do we need to learn in order to better handle this threat?" Forest notes that terrorism has been around for hundreds of years and that the ability of terrorists to adapt to the changing international environment, use technology, and maintain lines of communication helps them remain viable. He recognizes that no single method will be successful in eradicating terrorism but advocates that nations themselves adapt by using not just greater technology but greater international communication and cooperation. The set is well organized, with chapters arranged thematically....Although each volume can in fact function as a standalone text, the set should be maintained as one complete work. Recommended for academic and large public libraries.
— Library Journal September 1, 2007

* Aiming to "encourage the development of learning organizations among national security professionals by examining what we currently know about the strategic application of hard and soft power in countering the sources and facilitators of terrorism," Forest presents a three-volume set of some 60 thematic essays and case studies summarizing existing knowledge in the field of counterterrorism and counterinsurgency, largely from the perspective of the industrialized democracies.
— Reference & Research Book News August 2007

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Complete Table of Contents | Editor's Note | Preface, Vol. 1 | Preface, Vol. 2 | Preface, Vol. 3

CONTENTS

VOLUME I: STRATEGIC AND TACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS

TOPIC		AUTHOR
Editor's Note
Preface for Volume 1
1. Strategies and Tactics for Countering Terrorism: An Introduction		James J.F. Forest Combating Terrorism Center at West Point
Part I: Strategic and Policy Dimensions
2. U.S. Grand Strategy for Countering Islamist Terrorism and Insurgency in the 21st Century		Brad Bowman U.S. Military Academy
3. Thinking Strategically: Can Democracy Defeat Terrorism?		Douglas A. Borer and Michael Freeman Naval Postgraduate School
4. Twenty-First Century Insurgencies: The Use of Terrorism as a Strategy		Leonard Weinberg and William Eubank University of Nevada
5. Developing and Implementing Counterterrorism Policy in a Liberal Democracy		Jennifer Holmes University of Texas, Dallas
6. Morality, Ethics and Law in the Global War on Terrorism (the Long War)		Harvey Rishikof National War College
7.The Critical Role of Interagency Cooperation in Combating Suicide Bombings		James D. Kiras SAASS, Maxwell Air Force Base
8. The U.S. Government's Counterterrorism Research and Development Programs		Michael B. Kraft Counterterrorism Consultant
*Part II: Hard Power*
9. National Objectives in the Hands of Junior Leaders		Amos N. Guiora and Martha Minow Case Western University School of Law and Harvard Law School
10. Engaging Military Contractors in Counterterrorism Operations		James Carafano and Alane Kochems The Heritage Foundation
11. Manhunting: A Process to Find Persons of National Interest		Steven Marks, Thomas Meer, & Matthew Nilson United States Army & U.S. Air Force
12. Guerilla Warfare and Law Enforcement: Combating the 21st Century Terrorist Cell Within the United States		Richard J. Hughbank United States Army
13. Combating Terror in U.S. Communities: The SWAT Mission		Peter N. Spagnolo and Chadd Harbaugh The Government Training Institute
*Part III: Soft Power*
14. Denying Terrorists Sanctuary through Civic and Military Action		Robert J. Pauly and MAJ Robert Redding The University of Southern Mississippi and U.S. Army Special Forces
15. Battlefronts in The War of Ideas		James S. Robbins National Defense University
16. The Centrality of Ideology in Counter-Terrorism Strategies in the Middle East		Maha Azzam Chatham House
17. Public Diplomacy as Strategic Communication		Bruce Gregory Public Diplomacy Institute, The George Washington University
18. Cyber Mobilization: The Neglected Aspect of Information Operations and Counterinsurgency Doctrine		Timothy L. Thomas Foreign Military Studies Office, U.S. Army
19. The Key Role of Psychological Operations in Countering Terrorism		Jerrold Post George Washington University
Part IV: Intelligence and Counterintelligence
20. The Contemporary Challenges of Counterterrorism Intelligence		Jennifer Sims Georgetown University
21. Multinational Intelligence Cooperation		Tom Lansford University of Southern Mississippi
22. Intelligence Coordination and Counterterrorism: A European Perspective		Magnus Norell Swedish Defence Research Agency
23. Dilemmas of Coping with Terror: Lessons Learned from the Israeli Secret Services		Ami Pedahzur and Arie Perliger University of Texas and University of Haifa
24. Open Source for Counterterrorism: Facilitating Interagency Communication and Open Source Intelligence		Orion A. Lewis and Erica Chenoweth University of Colorado and Harvard University
25. Al-Qaeda's Surveillance Offensive Against America, 1997-2001: Implications for Countersurveillance		Aaron Danis Nuclear Regulatory Commission
26. Forecasting Terrorist Groups' Warfare: 'Conventional' to CBRN		Joshua Sinai The Analysis Corp.
Appendix A: U.S. National Security Strategy
Appendix B: U.S. National Strategy for Combating Terrorism
Bibliography
Index

VOLUME II: SOURCES AND FACILITATORS

TOPIC		AUTHOR
Preface for Volume 2
1. Combating the Sources and Facilitators of Terrorism: An Introduction		James J.F. Forest Combating Terrorism Center at West Point
*Part I: Governments and the International System*
2. Combating State Sponsors of Terrorism		Dan Byman Georgetown University
3. The Democratic Deficit: The Need for Liberal Democratization		Paul Pillar Georgetown University
4. The Role of Democratization in Reducing the Appeal of Extremist Groups in North Africa and the Middle East		Francesco Cavatorta Dublin City University
5. Authoritarian and Corrupt Governments		Lydia Khalil NYPD
6. State Failure and Terrorism		Matthew H. Wahlert Miami University
7. Border Controls and State Insecurity		Michelle L. Spencer Security Consultant
*Part II: Criminal and Economic Dimensions*
8. Combating the International Proliferation of Small Arms and Light Weapons		Chris Carr Air War College
9. Terrorism Finance: Global Responses to the Terrorism Money Trail		Paul J. Smith Naval War College
10. Organized Criminal Networks and Terrorism		JP Larsson UK Home Office
11. The Global Drug Trade and its Nexus to Terrorism		Gregory D. Lee Criminal Justice Consultant
12. Afghanistan's Transformation to a Narco-Terrorist State: An Economic Perspective		James Walker and Jon Byrom U.S. Military Academy
13. The Shadow Economy and Terrorist Infrastructure		Shahdad Naghshpour and Joseph J. St. Marie, The University of Southern Mississippi; and Samuel S. Stanton, Jr, Grove City College
14. Energy Dependence		Sumesh Arora and David Butler University of Southern Mississippi
15. Red Sky In The Morning: The Nexus between International Maritime Piracy and Transnational Terrorism		Kent Baumann George C. Marshall Center, U.S. Army
16. Understanding and Countering the Motives and Methods of Warlords		Brian Hanley KonnectWorld, Inc.
Part III: Society, Technology and Strategic Influence
17. Responding to Psychological, Social, Economic and Political Roots of Terrorism		Bard O'Neil and Donald J. Alberts National Defense University
18. Suicide, Homicide or Martyrdom: What's in a Name?		Christopher L. Brown Center For Security Policy
19. Understanding and Combating Education for Martyrdom		Magnus Norell and Eli Göndör Swedish Defence Research Agency
20. Terrorism and New Media: The Cyber-Battlespace		Maura Conway Dublin City University
21. Cry Terror and Let Slip the Media Dogs		Randy Bowdish USMC Command and Staff College
22. The Role of Al-Manar (Hizballah's TV station) in Supporting Terrorism		Maura Conway Dublin City University
23. Socio-Cultural, Economic and Demographic Aspects of Counterterrorism		Christopher Jasparro USMC Command and Staff College
Part IV: U.S. Responses to the Global Security Environment
24. Terrorism, Insurgency and Afghanistan		Thomas H. Johnson and Chris Mason Naval Postgraduate School
25. Fighting al Qaeda: Understanding the Organizational, Ideological, and Financial Aspects of a Global Network of Terror		Joseph L. Trafton University of Rhode Island
26. Iraq in the 21st Century		Robert J. Pauly and Jeff Stephens University of Southern Mississippi
27. The Trans-Sahara Counterterrorism Initiative: America's New Commitment to Africa		Lianne Kennedy United States Military Academy
28. Values, Emotions and the Global War on Terror		John B. Alexander Joint Special Operations University
Appendix: The United Nations Global Counterterrorism Strategy
Bibliography
Index

VOLUME III: LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE FIGHT AGAINST TERRORISM

TOPIC		AUTHOR
Preface for Volume 3
1. Introduction to the Comparative Study of Counterterrorism		James J.F. Forest Combating Terrorism Center at West Point
2. Educating the Next Generation of Counterterrorism Professionals		Stephen Sloan University of Central Florida
*Part I: Case Studies of Terrorist Attacks and Counterterrorism Operations*
3. Hijacking of TWA Flight 847		Rick Wrona Combating Terrorism Center at West Point
4. Hijacking of the Achille Lauro		Sean Anderson and Peter Spagnolo CT Training Center
5. The February 1993 Attack on the World Trade Center		Daniel Baracskay Valdosta State University
6. The August 1996 Chechen Takeover of Grozny		James S. Robbins National Defense University
7. The U.S. Embassy Bombings in Kenya and Tanzania		Sundara Vadlamudi Monterey Institute for International Studies
8. The Case of Ramzi Youssef		Gary Ackerman Monterey Institute of International Studies
9. Yemen and the Attack on the USS Cole		Ruth Margolies Beitler United States Military Academy
10. Capturing Khalid Sheik Mohammed		Robert Wesley [U.S. Government Agency]
11. The Seige of Beslan's School No. 1		Adam Dolnik University of Wollongong, Australia
12. The Madrid Attacks on March 11: An Analysis of the Jihadist Threat in Spain and Main Counterterrorist Measures		Rogelio Alonso King Juan Carlos University
13. The London Terrorist Attacks of July 7, 2005		Tom Maley Cranfield University
14. The April 1995 Bombing of the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City		Daniel Baracskay Valdosta State University
*Part II: Case Studies of the Long-Term Fight Against Terrorism*
15. State Response to Terrorism in Sri Lanka		Tom Marks National Defense University
16. Countering West Germany's Red Army Faction: What Can We Learn?		Joanne Wright Holloway College, London
17. Countering Terrorism in Latin America: The Case of Shining Path in Peru		David Scott Palmer Boston University
18. A Slow Road to Victory: Counterinsurgency and Strategic Innovation in Colombia		Nicolás Urrutia Iriarte and Román D. Ortiz University de Los Andes
19. The Wars in Chechnya and the Decay of Russian Democratization		Thomas Sherlock United States Military Academy
20. Italy and the Red Brigades: The Success of Repentance Policy in Counterterrorism		Erica Chenoweth Harvard University
21. Lebanon, Hizballah, and the Patrons of Terrorism		Rick Wrona Combating Terrorism Center at West Point
22. Turkey and the PKK		Lydia Khalil NYPD
23. Israel's Struggle Against Palestinian Terror Organizations		Joshua L. Gleis Tufts University
24. Fighting Fire with Fire: Destroying the Syrian Brotherhood		Brian Fishman United States Military Academy
25. State Power and the Progress of Militant and Moderate Islamism in Egypt		Sherifa Zuhur U.S. Army War College
26. Counterterrorism Policies and the Revolutionary Movement of Tupac Amaru: The Unmasking of Peru's National Security State		Vera Eccarius-Kelly Siena College
27. Moro Insurgents and the Peace Process in the Philippines		Robin L. Bowman U.S. Air Force Academy
28. Terrorism and Uzbekistan: The Threat and the Response		Joshua Sinai The Analysis Corp
29. India's Response to Terrorism in Kashmir		Behram A. Sahukar Indian Army (Retired)
30. Combating Terrorism in Nepal		Tom Marks National Defense University
31. Japan and Aum Shinrikyo		James M. Smith USAF Institute for National Security Studies
32. The Struggle with Violent Right-Wing Extremist Groups in the United States		Eric Shibuya USMC Command and Staff College
Bibliography
Index

ABOUT THE EDITOR

Dr. James JF Forest is the Director of Terrorism Studies and an associate professor at the United States Military Academy, where he teaches courses on terrorism and counterterrorism, information warfare and foreign policy, and directs several research initiatives for the Combating Terrorism Center at West Point. He has published nine books on a variety of topics, including Teaching Terror: Strategic and Tactical Learning in the Terrorist World (Rowman & Littlefield, 2006), The Making of a Terrorist: Recruitment, Training and Root Causes (Praeger, 2005), and Homeland Security and Terrorism: Controlling the Security Environment (McGraw-Hill, 2005), as well as articles in the Cambridge Review of International Affairs, Democracy and Security and the Journal of Political Science Education. Dr. Forest also serves as a guest lecturer for several government agencies in the U.S. and Europe, and maintains a top secret security clearance. He holds degrees from De Anza College, Georgetown University, Stanford University, and Boston College.

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